Going To Sleep Is Free, But

Status Report on Google Modules

• Categories: Anesthesia practice, Web Sites
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A while ago Seth Dillingham wrote two Google modules for me: Allowable Blood Loss and BMI Calculator. Well, I still have a hard time finding them on Googles own module site, but I can find them both on googlemodules.com--the 'Unofficial Google Modules Site'.

I wanted to pass along another use for the allowable blood loss calculator--estimating surgical blood loss. Anesthetists are asked to estimate the volume of surgical blood loss that occurs during a procedure on their anesthetic record. Surgeons will often attempt to influence that figure downward by volunteering their own estimate of blood loss (often not grounded in reality) in the hope of getting me to go along with it.

In large blood loss cases where I've been following the hematocrit I use the formula to calculate the actual blood loss. For example, if a 100 kg male started with a hematocrit of 0.40 and wound up with a hematocrit of 0.32 I calculate their blood loss as 1600 cc. No arguments.

Wet taps and the number '3'

• Categories: Anesthesia practice
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Wet taps are accidental dural punctures that happen while attempting to place a needle into the epidural space. The published frequency of wet taps is about 1 in 800 epidural placements, depending on the experience of the operator. If I'm placing an epidural catheter in a pregnant woman and get a wet tap, she has a greater than 50% chance of a dural puncture headache (unless, of course, she is morbidly obese, in which her risk is almost zero).

It seems my wet taps come in three's (hence the title of this post). I remember as a third year anesthesiology resident being on call on OB for the first time after spending three months on the transplant anesthesia service and getting three consecutive wet taps that night on OB. Bam, bam, bam (or should I say 'splash, splash, splash'). I felt terrible, of course, but could not recall doing anything different that would have caused them! My grandmother used to say that accidents happen in threes. She was referring to airplane crashes, but I have to wonder, is it true of wet taps?

In the last ten years of doing anesthesia I've had no accidental dural punctures that I know of. That all changed about a month ago. I did a lumbar epidural steroid injection on a co-worker's husband and must have scored the dura. That's one. I had a wet tap during a labor epidural on a patient who, in retrospect, had a non-union of the ligamentum flavum. That's two. I'm just waiting for number three. I'm on call on OB tonight. Is number three around the corner?

[here's a nice review, btw]

Smoking Cessation Before Surgery Encouraged

• Categories: Medical Articles, Anesthesia practice
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I think this is noteworthy because, in terms of complications, we used to think that one would need to quit smoking for at least six weeks before surgery for there to be any benefit. Though that may still be true, this review seems to indicate that if someone were to quit around time of surgery, their chances of success are better.

Are Lower Back Tattoos A Contraindication To Labor Epidurals?

• Categories: News, Anesthesia practice
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My Google News section on 'epidurals' came up with an interesting hit: Lower-back tattoos are popular with women, but do they make having epidurals during childbirth more dangerous?. It's a very good question because, at least in my practice, lower back tattoos are extremely common in laboring women. So common, in fact, that Saturday Night Live has a commercial parody for a product called Turlington's Lower Back Tattoo Remover (quicktime | windows media).

I was taught to avoid putting an epidural needle through tattooed skin and have gone to great lengths to do so. For example, one patient had a very large tattoo of what appeared to be the face of the devil on her lower back. On closer inspection, I noticed that the devil's right nares (which was free of tattoo ink) was right over her L3-4 interspace. I wished I'd taken a picture of that epidural catheter snaking out of the devil's nose.

I can't seem to find much science on the subject save for one abstract which makes a very reasonable suggestion to avoid coring out tattooed skin by making a small incision, if necessary. This may sound like a lot of trouble, but all it takes is a 16 gauge (or similarly large) hypodermic needle inserted into the skin first, then the epidural needle through that 'incision'.

Or Their Designee...

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If you read your consent for surgery, you'll see those words right after your surgeon's name. Maybe you've noticed them. Probably you haven't.

Ghost surgery is defined as "substitution of an authorized surgeon by an unauthorized surgeon or the allowance of unauthorized surgical trainees to operate without adequate supervision". Now, that definition is sufficiently vague to allow all manner of stuff to go on, but I would wager that if you asked the patient wether they were under the impression their surgeon would do the entire surgery, that they would say 'yes.' If I ask surgeon W to do my surgery, I'd like surgeon W to sew the skin closed, too. Residents can practice closing just fine in partial-task simulators.

Medpundit Looks At His Financials

• Categories: Health Care Finance, Anesthesia practice
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Ugh: I just spent the better part of the afternoon...:

How do you mark a surgical site?

• Categories: Medical errors, Anesthesia practice
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The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons has a policy on marking surgical sites titled Guidelines for Implementation of the Universal Protocol for the Prevention of Wrong Site, Wrong Procedure and Wrong Person Surgery. It's worth reviewing and comparing to your institutions policy. For example:

• Make the mark at or near the incision site. Do NOT mark any non-operative site(s) unless necessary for some other aspect of care.
• The mark should be unambiguous (e.g., use initials or "YES" or a line representing the proposed incision; consider that "X" may be ambiguous).
• The person performing the procedure should do the site marking.

There's much more to the guideline, but your current policies are most likely to be at variance with the above three points. One of the surgery centers I work at, for instance, marks the surgical site with an 'X'. I've explained to them that 'X' is ambiguous (does X mark the spot, or does X mark 'not this one'?) and even explained the details of a malpractice case in which marking with an X came into play. Another hospital was in the habit of marking both sides ('L' and 'R'). Also confusing. Finally, several centers have the nurse preparing the patient for surgery to mark the site. Also not a good idea.

You Anesthesiologist Today Was...

• Categories: Anesthesia practice, Anesthesia Tips
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I finally ordered my own business cards. I've had generic one available but always had to write in my own name (despite being with the group for well over two years) so decided it was time for an upgrade.

Picking the pattern was tough, but I decided on a tranquil image (that happens to be one of the MacOS X desktop images):

Rejected images included a dark tunnel with a light at the end, and anything with pearly gates.

This decision was evidence based (of course). Giving patients a business card before anesthesia increases their recall of your name to about 50% rather than the 10% that remember it without. It should also help them see they are being cared for by a physician. There's room on the back for 'anesthetic' and 'comments', too.

Pre-emptive Patient Positioning

• Categories: Anesthesia practice, Anesthesia Tips
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Many surgeries require the patient to be in a position other than supine (flat on their back) for the surgery to be done. Shoulder surgery, for example, is often done with the patient in a semi-sitting or 'beach chair' position. Certain hip surgeries are done with patients on their side as well. General anesthesia is induced with the patient supine, then people have to move the patient (who is now akin to a very heavy sack of potatoes) into the right position. It's time consuming, risks staff injury, and jeopardizes the airway. The few accidental extubations I've had have occurred when the patient was being moved. Does it have to be this way? If the case is amenable to an LMA, I think the answer is 'no.'

If I'm caring for a patient who will require a general anesthetic and an LMA would be suitable, I've taken to positioning the patient before induction of anesthesia. I then pre-oxygenate, perform an IV induction, and place the LMA. The OR staff and surgeons like it because a) it saves time and b) it saves their backs. I like it because there's no move during which my airway can potentially be compromised (and because it saves time and saves my back). There's a benefit to the patient, too. Namely, they can tell us while awake whether our positioning is comfortable for them. Is the axillary role in the right place? Do they need a pillow under their knees in? Is their bottom up against the back of the table in beach chair? Is their ear properly padded in the lateral position? Think Different (but always, Think Safe).

I Am A Propofologist

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I've decided to change my title from 'Anesthesiologist' to the more descriptive 'Propofologist.' Maybe it's because I've been doing lots of sedation for colonoscopies and esophagogastroduodenoscopies (EGD) for which I use propofol/lidocaine only. When someone asks for anesthesia services, especially outside the operating room, what they're really asking for is someone who can give propofol to the point of loss of consciousness--hence the (new) term. Your heard it here first.